[First published, 09/25/2020; updated 03/03/2021] Check out our Journal Roundups for the latest articles in Islamic studies. This is the thirty-eighth iteration to be published and the Summer 2020 edition is now online. The Summer 2020 edition currently has issues from forty-nine journals in a wide variety of subjects and disciplines and will be revised as more journals announce their Summer issues.
The journal roundup project covers over 90 English language journals in a variety of disciplines related to Islamic Studies, providing the table of contents for each journal as a tool for researchers, academics, students, and those generally interested in the field of Islamic Studies. We include only articles; book reviews can be found on the journal sites. Please let us know if we have missed any journals or if you have questions at journals@themaydan.com. [Curated by Sulaiman Popal and Aysenur Sonmez Kara].
- Al-Masaq
- Arab Studies Quarterly
- Arabic Sciences and Philosophy: A Historical Journal
- Asian Affairs
- The Australian Journal of Islamic Studies
- British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
- Central Asian Affairs (Two Issues)
- Central Asian Survey (Two Issues)
- Critical Muslim (Two Issues)
- Contemporary Arab Affairs (Two Issues)
- Contemporary Islam
- Die Welt des Islams: International Journal for the Study of Modern Islam
- History of Religions
- Intellectual History of the Islamicate World
- International Journal of Islamic Architecture
- International Journal of Middle East Studies
- Iranian Studies
- Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations
- Islamic Law and Society
- Israel Affairs (Two Issues)
- Jerusalem Quarterly (Special Issue: Palestine from Above: Surveillance, Cartography and Control – Part II)
- Journal of Abbasid Studies
- Journal of the American Academy of Religion
- Journal of the American Oriental Society
- Journal of Arabic Literature (Special Issue: The Cultural Turn in Arabic Literary Production. Part I)
- Journal of Asian and African Studies (Two Issues)
- Journal of Humanity and Society
- Journal of Islamic Manuscripts
- Journal of Islamic Studies
- The Journal of the Middle East and Africa
- Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies
- Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
- Journal of Muslims in Europe
- Journal of North African Studies
- Journal of Palestine Studies (Special Issue: The Pandemic and Palestine)
- Journal of Persianate Studies
- Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
- Medieval Encounters (Two Issues)
- Middle East Critique
- Middle East Journal
- Middle Eastern Studies
- The Muslim World (Two Issues: Special Issue:Black Muslim Portraiture in the Modern Atlantic & Special Issue:Islam and Diversity in Contemporary Indonesia: Belief, Gender, and Politics)
- Philosophy & Social Criticism (Two Issues)
- Politics and Religion
- Politics, Religion & Ideology
- Religion Compass (Three Issues)
- Secularism and Nonreligion
- Studia Islamica
“Reddimus urbem”: Civic Order and Public Politics at the End of Norman Sicily By: Philippa Byrne
Textiles in Cross-Cultural Encounters: The Case of the Umayyad Palace at Khirbat al-Mafjar By: Hana Taragan
Joseph Tarchaneiotes and the Battle of Mantzikert (AD 1071) By: Antonios Vratimos
Evidence for the Ayyūbid Iqṭāʿ in Ifrīqiyya and a Reconsideration of the Almohad Iqṭāʿ By: Amar S. Baadj
An Ignored Arabic Account of a Byzantine Royal Woman By:Hadi Taghavi, Ehsan Roohi & Navid Karimi
Islamic Political Polarisation on Social Media During the 2019 Presidential Election in Indonesia By:
Shi’i Division over the Iraqi State: Decentralization and the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq By:
Reading the Ads in Al-daʿwa Magazine: Commercialism and Islamist Activism in Al-sadat’s Egypt By:
Love and Jihad. Female Trajectories from North Caucasus to the Islamic State By: Denis Sokolov
“Franchise” Branch Campuses in Uzbekistan: The Internationalisation of Higher Education as a Solution? By: Dilnoza Ubaydullaeva
Volume 35 Issue 1
What is the Muslim Atlantic? By: Daniel Nilsson DeHanas & Peter Mandaville
Closed Minds By: Ahmed Younis
Traveller By:Zahrah Nesbitt-Ahmed
Black Radicalism By: Rasul Miller
Echoes Across the Pond By: C. Scott Jordan
Winter Election By: Naomi Foyle
Seven Ways to Break a Fast By: Sameer Rahim
Volume 35 Issue 2
The List: Malcolm X Still Speaks – Nine Quotes By: Kayla Renée Wheeler
Bitter Ayran By:Emre Kazim
Short Story: A Death Sweeter than Honey By: Tamim Sadikali
Black Female Muslim Emcees By: Aina Khan
Security By: Shirin Khan
White Muslims, Black Muslims By: Juliette Galonnier
The Muslim International By: Sohail Daulatzai
Realising a Muslim Atlantic By: Aisha Khan
Volume 35 Issue 3
Last Word: On 8 Minutes and 46 Seconds By: Hassan Mahamdallie
Her Story By: Samia Rahman
Three Poems By: Mosab Abu Toha
American Griot By: Reginald Edmund
Back to Bristol By: Tanya Muneera-Williams
Dangerous Ideas By: Abdul-Rehman Malik
Terrorism By: Tahir Abbas
Return to Almadies By: Amandla Thomas-Johnson
Egypt’s Quest for Social Justice: From Nasser to Sisi By: Rasha S. Mansour
Intermittent Breaks of Public Order in the Moroccan Political Context: An ARDL Approach to the Dynamics of Protest Mobilizations, 1997–2018 By: Ben Ahmed Hougua
Contribution of Jordanian Civil Society Institutions to the Enhancement of Ideological Security among University Students By: Sultan N. AlquraanMuddather J. Abu-KarakiSaddoon N. Al-Majali
Why Syria Considers Israel an Existential Threat: Conflicting National Security Interests and Competition Over the Same Sphere of Influence By: Jamal Wakim
Colonizing Palestine: The Confluence of two Opposing Trends of a Western Question By: Mahmoud O. Haddad
The “Arab Exceptionalism” Re-examined from the Legal Perspective of Human Rights By: Antonio-Martín Porras-Gómez
To What Extent Do Non-Westerners Tolerate Political Oppression?: They Have Their Own “Impossible Tyranny”! By: Abdullah Al-Beraidi
Gender Inequality in the Arab World: A Comparative Perspective By: Nahla Yassine-HamdanJohn Strate
The Role of Religion in the Politics of Saudi Arabia: The Wahhabi Concept: ta’at wali al-amr By: Faisal Mukhyat Abu Sulaib
The Moroccan Monarchy and the Construction of Social Representations By: Blaiha MarouanEl Houcine Oughlane
Foreign Correspondents between the Hammer and the Anvil: The Case of Egypt during Political Transitions By: Alamira Samah Saleh
Introduction: Studying Islam from below and interrogating divisions in contemporary Russia By: Lili Di Puppo Jesko Schmoller
“Sovereign” Islam and Tatar “Aqīdah”: normative religious narratives and grassroots criticism amongst Tatarstan’s Muslims By: Matteo Benussi
Here or elsewhere: Sufism and traditional Islam in Russia’s Volga-Ural region By: Lili Di Puppo & Jesko Schmoller
“What good are all these divisions in Islam?”. Everyday Islam and normative discourses in Daghestan By: Iwona Kaliszewska
Common sense is not so common: integration and perceptions of ‘traditional Islam’ in Russia’s Volga-Ural region By: Bulat G. Akhmetkarimov
Review of Julie McBrien, From Belonging to Belief: Modern Secularisms and the Construction of Religion in Kyrgyzstan. By: Sydney Morrow
Casting Off Egyptian Ḥanafism: Sharīʿa, Divorce, and Legal Reform in 20th-Century Egypt By: Samy Ayoub
In an Ottoman Holy Land: The Hajj and the Road from Damascus, 1500–1800 By: Nir Shafir
Practical Canons from Buddhist Pasts: What Pāli Anthologies Can Tell Us about Buddhist History By:Jonathan Young
The Future of Comparison By: David Frankfurter
The Literary Genizot: A Window to the Mediterranean Republic of Letters By: Sarah Stroumsa
Meanderings in the Arabic Literary Genizot: New Texts and New Contexts By: Oded Zinger
al-Uṣūl al-Muhaḏḏabiyya: A Joint Theological Project of a Karaite Scholar and a “Chief Justice” in Fāṭimid Egypt Revisited By: Haggai Ben-Shammai
The Role of the Karaites in the Transmission of the Hebrew Bible and Their Practice of Transcribing It into Arabic Script By: Geoffrey Khan
Genizah within the Genizah: Muslim Works Incorporated into Judeo-Arabic Manuscripts in the Cairo Genizah By: Y. Zvi Stampfer
Grammars of Classical Arabic in Judaeo-Arabic: An Overview By: Nadia Vidro
Interpreting Islamic Dream Books of the Cairo Genizah: The Taʿbīr al-ruʾyā and Its Judeo-Arabic Witnesses By: Blanca Villuendas Sabaté
Editorial
Field as Archive / Archive as Field By: Çaylı, Eray
Design in Theory Articles
Pray to the Archive: Abstracting History in Zanzibar By: Kara, Taushif
Records of Dispossession: Archival Thinking and UNESCO’s Nubian Campaign in Egypt and Sudan By: Carruthers, William
Déjà Vu at the Archive: Photography, National Narratives, and the Multiple Histories of the Smyrna Fire By: Amygdalou, Kalliopi
Conducting Research on West Bank Settlements: Architecture as Punctum and Archive By: Allweil, Yael; Ben Hilell, Keren
Archives as Fields of Heritage-Making in Istanbul’s Historic Peninsula By: Aykaç, Pinar
Design in Practice Articles
A Gift of Compassion: Welfare, Housing, and Domesticity in Contemporary Iran By: Moafi, Samaneh
‘#OccupyGezi Architecture’ and Archival Tactics of Resistance By: Artan, Elif Çiğdem
The Many Voyages of Fateh Al-Khayr: Unfurling the Gulf in the Age of Oceanic History By: Fahad Ahmad Bishara
Telegraphy, Typography, and the Alphabet: The Origins of Alphabet Revolutions in the Russo-Ottoman Space By: Ulug Kuzuoglu
The Conscription of Greek Ottomans into the Sultan’s Army, 1908–1912 By: Uğur Z. Peçe
New Arab Maids: Female Domestic Work, “New Arab Women,” and National Memory in British Mandate Palestine By: Caroline Kahlenberg
Turbulent from the Start: Revisiting Military Politics in Pre-Baʿth Syria By: Hicham Bou Nassif
Commemorating Ehsan Yarshater Endangered Iranian Languages: Language Contact and Language Islands in Iran
Guest Editor’s Introduction
Language contact in Iranian Languages
A Linguistic Survey of Khorasan: Implications for Language Isolation, Language Change, and Contact Linguistics By: Mohammad Dabir-Moghaddam
Aramaic and Arabic linguistic islands
Georgian language islands in Fereydanshahr in Isfahan
Turkic language islands and language contact with Turkic languages
Reviews
Ninety Years of Israeli Football – Culture, Politics and Identity
Editorial:
The Potter, the Poet, and Storytelling: Palestine from Above 2 By:
Letter from Jerusalem:
I Witness Silwan: Who is Watching Whom? By : Susan Greene
DISCUSSING THE DISCIPLINE
Toward a Volitional Definition of Religion By:John Nemec
Why Scholars of Religion Must Investigate the Corporate Form By: Levi McLaughlinAike P RotsJolyon Baraka ThomasChika Watanabe
ARTICLES
“Monuments of Folly”: Frederick Douglass, Charlottesville, and the National Religions of America By:David Lê
A Reexamination of Marginal Religious Specialists: Himalayan Messengers from the Dead By: Alyson Prude
Rhythmic Flesh: How the Regulation of Bodily Rhythm Contributes to Spirituality in the Jesus Prayer, Medieval Dance, and African American Preaching By: Lexi Eikelboom
Nepantla Environmentalism: Challenging Dominant Frameworks for Green Religion By: Amanda J Baugh
REVIEW ESSAY
Old Thiess, A Livonian Werewolf: A Classic Case in Comparative Perspective
In the Matter of Nat Turner: A Speculative History By: Winnifred Fallers Sullivan
Arabic takhalluṣ, Persian Style in Muḥammad al-Ṣūfī’s Poems to Muḥammad the Prophet By: Th. Emil Homerin
Special Section: Engaging T.D. Harper-Shipman’s Rethinking Ownership of Development in Africa
Guest Editor: Jane Anna Gordon
Special Section Introduction:
Engaging T.D. Harper-Shipman’s Rethinking Ownership of Development 621 in Africa: An Introduction By: Jane Anna GordonSpecial Section Articles
On Rethinking Ownership of Development in Africa 625 By: Olúf̣émi Táíwò
Ownership and Responsibility in Jamaica: Paradigmatic 629 Development in the Postcolony By: Greg A. Graham
Livingstone’s Last Stand: The End of Development As We 636 Know It? By: Jean Comaroff
When There’s Nothing Left to Own: Materiality and Security in Africa By: T.D. Harper-Shipman
Original Articles
War Crimes Trials in Bangladesh: Justice or Politics? By: Md. Awal Hossain Mollah
Oiling the Wheels of Multi-Party Politics in Africa: How Power Alternation Affects Party Financing in Ghana By: Joseph Oti Frimpong
Climate Change Grounded on Empirical Evidence as Compared with the Perceptions of Smallholder Farmers in Vhembe
District, South Africa By: Zongho Kom, Nthaduleni S. Nethengwe, Sylvester Mpandeli and Hector Chikoore
Symbolic Post-Conflict Recovery in the Rwenzori Sub-Region of Uganda By: Muhumuza William
‘Uberization’ as Neoliberal Governmentality: A Global South Perspective By: Charles Wharton Kaye-Essien
Is the USA the Only Role Model in Town? Empirical Evidence from the Asian Barometer Survey By: Hsin-Hsin Pan
Nigeria’s Regional Hegemonic Conundrum: The Oil Connection By: Adeniyi Basiru, Adelabu Salawu, Martins Arogundade and Samuel Ogunwa
Citizens’ Satisfaction with Government in a Highly Corrupt Public Life: Role of Trust in Democracy and Civil Society
Participation in Somalia By: Santap Sanhari Mishra and Mohamud Mohamed Abdullahi
Special Issue: Sociology in Vietnam Today
Introduction: Sociology in Vietnam By: Nguyen Minh Huan, John Hutnyk
The Model of Population Transition in Vietnam in Relation to Europe and Asia: A Quantitative ApproachBy: Ha Trong Nghia
Tube Housing as Dominant System and Everyday Urban Culture of Saigon-Ho Chi Minh City By:Huyen Truong-Young, Trevor Hogan
Social Structure of Changing Labour Relations in Vietnam By: Le Thi Mai
Camaraderie and Conflict: Intercultural Communication and Workplace Interactions in South Korean Companies in Bình Dương Province, Vietnam By: Nguyen Thi Hong-Xoan, Catherine Earl
Forestry Policy and Legitimacy: The Case of Forest Devolution in Vietnam By: Thi Kim Phung Dang
Promoting Participation in Local Natural Resource Management through Ecological Cultural Tourism: Case Study in Vam Nao Reservoir Area, An Giang Province, Vietnam By: Le Hue Huong, Bui Loan Thuy, Nguyen Thi Phuong Linh
Community Initiatives and Local Networks among K’ho Cil Smallholder Coffee Farmers in the Central Highlands of Vietnam: A Case Study By: Hang Thi Thu Truong
Travel Branding in Tourism 4.0: Case Study Vietnam Travel By: Hoang Thi Van, Vo Minh Hieu
LGBTQIA+ at the Blue Sky Club in Ho Chi Minh City By: Do Xuan Ha, Nguyen Phi Hien, Bui Mai Sinh, Nguyen Thi Phuong Linh
The New Factors Affecting the School to- Work Transition for Vocational Education and Training: New Trends in Global Transformation By: Mahmut Özer
School Culture as a Tool for the Development of Occupational Commitment By: Mustafa Özgenel
Prophethood as the Founding Element of Civilization: Different Historical Considerations on the Foundation of Society By: Abdulkadir Macit
Economic Opportunity in Social Acceptance: Syrian Entrepreneurs in Konya By:Ahmet Koyuncu
Ali Shariati’s Reading of Ibn Khaldun By: Seyed Javad Miri Meynagh
The Predictive Role of the Parenting Styles That Cause Early Maladaptive Schemas on Divorce Indicators By: Mustafa Kemal Yöntem and Tahsin İlhan
Twitter as a Polarized Space for Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in Turkey By: Sema Akboğa andEngin Arık
Simon Pirani, Burning up: A Global History of Fossil Fuel Consumption. Pluto Press, 2018, 272 pp. By: Mustafa Ammar Kılıç
The Qurʾān Encrypted: A Unique Qurʾānic Manuscript in Cipher By: Arianna D’Ottone Rambach
La cryptographie dans les manuscrits de la collection Lmūhūb Ūlaḥbīb By: Djamel Eddine Mechehed
A Dynamic History: MS Sinai, Arabic 151 in the Hands of Scribes, Readers, and Restorers By: Vevian F. Zaki
Khālid b. al-Wālid’s Treaty with the People of Damascus: Identifying the Source Document through Shared and Competing Historical Memories By: Ibrahim ZeinAhmed El-Wakil
New Light on the Emergence of Māturīdism: Abū Shakūr al-Sālimī (fifth/eleventh century) and his Kitāb al-Tamhīd fī bayān al-tawḥīd By: Angelika Brodersen
Weeping in Modern Jihadi Groups By: Thomas Hegghammer
Feminist Historical Writing in Postrevolutionary Iran: Missing Soluch and My Share By: Alborz Ghandehari
Simin Daneshvar and Shahrnush Parsipur in Translation: The Risk of Erasure of Domestic Violence in Iranian Women’s Fiction By: Leila Sadegh Beigi
Riding the Korean Wave in Iran: Cyberfeminism and Pop Culture among Young Iranian Women By: Gi Yeon Koo
Reimagining Royal Domesticity: Intimacy, Power, and Familial Relations in the Late Qajar Harem By: Leila Pourtavaf
MINORITY INSTITUTIONS & AUTHORITY
POLICIES & TREATIES
SPECIAL ISSUE CONTENT
Introduction: Public Health and the Promise of Palestine By: Danya M. Qato
Responding to Precarity: Beddawi Camp in the Era of Covid-19 By: Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh
Covid-19 Fault Lines: Palestinian Physicians in Israel By: Osama Tanous
Prison Report: Palestinians in Israeli Detention during Covid-19 By: Hind Shraydeh
Covid-19 and the Necroeconomy of Palestinian Labor in Israel By: Sobhi Samour
The Virus, the Settler, and the Siege: Gaza in the Age of Corona By: Ghassan Abu-Sittah
ROUNDTABLE
On Mental Health Amid Covid-19 By: Weeam HammoudehSamah JabrMaria HelbichCindy Sousa
ARTICLE
The Poetics of Dispossession in Mahmoud Darwish’s “Exile” By: Lucy A. Perry
ESSAY
A Palestinian Statelet in Gaza By: José S. Vericat
INTERVIEW
Interview with Omar Shakir: “Legitimate Advocacy for Human Rights Is Being Silenced”By: Noura Erakat
“Neither Eastern nor Western, Iranian”: How the Quest for Self-Sufficiency Helped Shape Iran’s Modern Nationalism By: Rudi Matthee
Introduction: Historicizing Sayyid-ness: Social Status and Muslim Identity in South Asia By: Laurence Gautier and Julien Levesque
Inherited Charisma and Personal Qualities: Sayyids and religious reform in nineteenth century Multan By: Diego Abenante
Next year, if grain is dear, I shall be a Sayyid: Sayyid Ahmad Khan, colonial constructions, and Muslim self-definitions By: David Lelyveld
Genealogy, authority and Muslim political representation in British India By: Eve Tignol
Sayyids and Social Stratification of Muslims in Colonial India: Genealogy and Narration of the Past in Amroha By: Soheb Niazi
Legalised Pedigrees: Sayyids and Shiʽi Islam in Pakistan By: Simon Wolfgang Fuchs
Special Issue: Erdoğan’s Turkey; Guest Edited by Hakan Yavuz & Ahmet Erdi Ozturk
The Peace Process Carousel: The Israel Lobby and the Failure of American Diplomacy By:Lustick, Ian S.
The Johnson Administration and Arab-Israeli Peacemaking after June 1967 By: Jackson, Galen
On Origins: Arab Intellectuals’ Debates on the Ideational Sources of ISIS By: Baroudi, Sami E.
The Politics of Veiling in Iran and the Nonreligious Left in the Early 1980s
By: Jalili, Jaleh
Special Issue:Black Muslim Portraiture in the Modern Atlantic
The Art of Black Muslim Lives By:
Ayuba Sulieman Diallo and Muslim Visual Culture in the Black Atlantic World By:
William Hoare and Visions of Ayuba Suleiman Diallo in Britain By:
Yarrow Mamout and the Charles Willson Peale Portrait of 1819 By:
Two Museums and the Simpson Portrait of Yarrow Mamout By:
Rethinking Yarrow Mamout By: J
Joseph Cinque: Reframing and Reclaiming the Muslim Presence in the Amistad Revolt By:
A Digital Reading of the Sengbe Pieh Portrait in the Covid‐19 Era By:
The 1850’s Photographic Portrait of Omar Ibn Said: The Eloquence of Resilience By:
Special Issue:Islam and Diversity in Contemporary Indonesia: Belief, Gender, and Politics
Introduction: Islam and Diversity in Contemporary Indonesia: Belief, Gender, and Politics
Between Faith and Social Relations: The Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama’s Fatwas and Ideas on Non‐Muslims and Interreligious Relations By:
The Politics of Interreligious Dialogue in Indonesia: An Analysis of the Ulama’s Anti‐Kristenisasi Fatwas and Their Challenge to the Government’s Interreligious Harmony Project By:
Say “No” to Christmas? An Analysis of the Islamic Fatwa on the Prohibition against Wearing Non‐Muslim Symbols in Indonesia By:
Against all Heteredoxies: Accounts of the Deviant Groups (Aliran‐Aliran Sesat) in Contemporary Indonesian Muslim Literature By: I
Cherishing the Ideology of Silence: Islam, Christianity, and Interreligious Relations among the Madurese People By:
Contours of the Divine Feminine: Islamic and Christian Feminist Theologies in Indonesia By:
From formal semantics to transcendental pragmatics: Karl-Otto Apel’s original insight By: Jürgen Habermas
Beyond the confines of the law: Foucault’s intimations of a genealogy of the modern state By: Antoon Braeckman
Reification and immaterial production By: Dimitris Gakis
Diversity in Unity in Post-truth Times: Max Weber’s Challenge and Karl Jaspers’s Response By: Carmen Lea Dege
The return of religion or the end of religion? On the need to rethink religion as a category of social and political life By:Jayne Svenungsson
Critique as ideology critique in a neoliberal age By: Pauline Johnson
Adorno, Marx, dialectic By: Aidin Keikhaee
The politics of non-domination: Populism, contestation and neo-republican democracy By: Liam Farrell
The child’s right to genital integrity By: Kate Goldie Townsend
The “New” Cultural Cleavage in Western Europe: A Coalescence of Religious and Secular Value Divides? By: Anna Pless, Paul Tromp, Dick Houtman
By: Ariel Zellman, Jonathan Fox
Jonathan Keller
CHRISTIANITY
‘Positive Christianity’: Theological rationales and legacies By:
JUDAISM
Children in the biblical world: The next generation of childhood and biblical studies By:
SOUTH ASIAN RELIGIONS
From court to court: Religious polities and the modern south Asian public By:
ISLAM
Sufis, Yogīs, and genealogies of “Islamic yoga”: Broaching religio‐cultural encounters in premodern eastern India By:
BUDDHISM
Compassion without pity: Buddhist dāna as charity, humanitarianism, and altruism By:
CHRISTIANITY
Racial profiling?: Theorizing essentialism, whiteness, and scripture in the study of religion By:
TEACHING AND LEARNING GUIDE
Teaching and learning guide for: “Compassion without pity: Buddhist Dāna as charity, humanitarianism, and altruism” By:
Post-Supernatural Cultures: There and Back Again By: Wesley J. Wildman, F. LeRon Shults, Saikou Y. Diallo, Ross Gore, Justin Lane
The Final Sentence of Section #151 in Adorno’s Minima Moralia By: Nick Overduin
Volume 9 Issue 8
The Arbiters of Faith: Legislative Assembly of BC Entanglement with Religious Dogma Resulting from Legislative Prayer By: Ian Bushfield, Teale N. Phelps Bondaroff
Volume 9 Issue 9
Finding the Missing Atheists By: Ryan Burge, Hannah Smothers
