Rūmī’s Book Seven of the Mathnawī: Intra-Sufi Debates in the Seventeenth Century Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Sufis were often criticized for engaging in bidʿa or innovative interpretations of Islamic texts by their orthodox opponents, such as the Qāḍīzādeh ʿulamā’. In their writings, members of the Qāḍīzādeh ʿulamā’ subjected Sufi treatises…