What Do We Owe Others: To Struggle Together
In The Book of Pious Abstention (Kitāb al-Waraʿ) Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal (d. 855 CE) is asked what to do if one is in a mosque during Ramadan and a person comes around with (burning) incense…
What Do We Owe to Our Fellow Human Beings: Ihsan
Many of Islam’s leading principles are premised on the idea of the responsibility, individual or collective, of the faithful to be useful members of society and be good to their fellow humans, which is also…